A qualified interpreter means someone who is able to interpret effectively, accurately, and impartially, both receptively (understanding what the person is saying) and expressively (conveying information back using the necessary specialized vocabulary). This definition applies regardless of whether the interpreter is on-site, using video remote interpreting (VRI) services or is calling via a Video Relay Interpreter Service (VRS).
The interpreter must be skilled in the specific language or terminology relevant to the communication context—such as medical, legal, or technical terms—and must maintain neutrality and confidentiality.
Using family members, friends, or untrained staff, even if they know sign language, is generally not acceptable, as they may lack impartiality, specialized knowledge, or professional training.
While certification is not required by the ADA, it is often a strong indicator of competency. State laws may impose additional requirements, such as licensing or certification, which can supersede federal standards.
